A major challenge for achieving successful mosquito control is overcoming insecticide resistance. Bacillus thuringiensis which is one of the most effective biolarvacide for control of species of mosquitoes and monitoring of larval susceptibility is essential to avoid resistance development. Mosquito larvacidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis was assessed by isolating them from ecologically different soil habitats in and around Enugu metropolis. The isolate organisms were confirmed as Bacillus thuringiensis based on biochemical characterization and microscopic observation. The larvacidal activity of Bacillus thuringiensis isolates was tested against the larval of mosquito by using the standard cup bioassay. The isolates of Bacillus thuringiensis showed a significant level of variation in their larvacidal activity.
TABLE OF CONTENTS
Title page: - - - - - - - - - i
Certification: - - - - - - - - ii
Dedication: - - - - - - - - iii
Acknowledgement: - - - - - - - iv
Abstract: - - - - - - - - - v
Table of contents: - - - - - - - vi
List of tables: - - - - - - - - viii
CHAPTER ONE:
1.0 Introduction: - - - - - - - 1
1.1 Crystal composition and morphology: - - - - 3
1.2 General characteristics of Bacillus thuringlensis: - - 4
1.3 Classification of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies: - - 5
1.4 Ecology and prevalence of Bacillus thuringrensis: - - 5
1.5 Other pathogenic factors of Bacillus thuringiensis: - - 7
1.6 Morphological properties of Bacillus thuringiensis: - - 8
1.0 Introduction: - - - - - - - 1
1.1 Crystal composition and morphology: - - - - 3
1.2 General characteristics of Bacillus thuringlensis: - - 4
1.3 Classification of Bacillus thuringiensis subspecies: - - 5
1.4 Ecology and prevalence of Bacillus thuringrensis: - - 5
1.5 Other pathogenic factors of Bacillus thuringiensis: - - 7
1.6 Morphological properties of Bacillus thuringiensis: - - 8
CHAPTER TWO:
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW- - - - - - - 10
2.1 Mode of action on target organism: - - - - 10
2.2 Mechanism of action of Bacillus thuringensis formulation: 12
2.3 General application of Bacillus thuringiensis: - - 13
2.0 LITERATURE REVIEW- - - - - - - 10
2.1 Mode of action on target organism: - - - - 10
2.2 Mechanism of action of Bacillus thuringensis formulation: 12
2.3 General application of Bacillus thuringiensis: - - 13
CHAPTER THREE:
3.0 Material and method: - - - - - - 15
3.1 Soil sample collection: - - - - - - 15
3.2 Isolation of Bacillus thuringiensis: - - - - 16
3.3 Isolation of Bacillus thuringiensis from soil: - - - 16
3.4 Sample staining: - - - - - - - 17
3.5 Biochemical identification: - - - - - 18
3.6 Materials and method of Bacillus theringiensis against
mosquito lava: - - - - - - - 19
3.7 Catalase test: - - - - - - - 20
3.8 Oxidase enzyme activity: - - - - - - 20
3.9 Sugar test: - - - - - - - - 20
3.10 Methyl red test - - - - - - - 21
3.11 Indole test - - - - - - - - 22
3.0 Material and method: - - - - - - 15
3.1 Soil sample collection: - - - - - - 15
3.2 Isolation of Bacillus thuringiensis: - - - - 16
3.3 Isolation of Bacillus thuringiensis from soil: - - - 16
3.4 Sample staining: - - - - - - - 17
3.5 Biochemical identification: - - - - - 18
3.6 Materials and method of Bacillus theringiensis against
mosquito lava: - - - - - - - 19
3.7 Catalase test: - - - - - - - 20
3.8 Oxidase enzyme activity: - - - - - - 20
3.9 Sugar test: - - - - - - - - 20
3.10 Methyl red test - - - - - - - 21
3.11 Indole test - - - - - - - - 22
CHAPTER FOUR:
4.0 Result of sample collection and isolation: - - - 23
4.1 Colony morphology of Bacillus isolates: - - - 24
4.2 Biochemical test: - - - - - - - 25
4.3 Bioassay: - - - - - - - - 27
4.0 Result of sample collection and isolation: - - - 23
4.1 Colony morphology of Bacillus isolates: - - - 24
4.2 Biochemical test: - - - - - - - 25
4.3 Bioassay: - - - - - - - - 27
CHAPTER FIVE:
Discussion: - - - - - - - - - 28
Conclusion: - - - - - - - - - 28
Recommendations: - - - - - - - 29
References: - - - - - - - - - 31
Appendix: 1 - - - - - - - - - 35
Appendix: 2 - - - - - - - - 38
Discussion: - - - - - - - - - 28
Conclusion: - - - - - - - - - 28
Recommendations: - - - - - - - 29
References: - - - - - - - - - 31
Appendix: 1 - - - - - - - - - 35
Appendix: 2 - - - - - - - - 38
